Selected References of Regulations
on or relevant for Contract Farming Operations
As for all the material indicated on the CoP Web platform, the references below are by no means intended to be comprehensive. Any suggestions of additions or updates are welcome. Please write to: contractfarming@unidroit.org
This page is mainly dedicated to (mandatory and/or soft law) domestic regulations with a direct relevance to contract farming operations. As regards soft law instruments adopted by international organisations, please also refer to the “Good Practices & Standards” section.
Internet resource centers
See also: FAO Contract Farming Resource Centre – FAO Internet Resource Center with access to a wealth of bibliographical references (including legal material) and contract samples.
International instruments
For an expanded section regarding soft law instruments and good practices recommendations adopted by international organisations, please also refer to the “Good Practices & Standards” section.
UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD Legal Guide on Contract Farming
Guide juridique sur l’agriculture contractuelle UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD
Guía Jurídica sobre Agricultura por Contrato UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD
2016 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts
Principes d’UNIDROIT 2016 relatifs aux contrats du commerce international
Principios UNIDROIT sobre los contratos comerciales internacionales 2016
1980 – United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)
Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises (CVIM) 1980
EU Legislation
Regulation (EU) No 261/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2012 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 as regards contractual relations in the milk and milk products sector;
as amended by the Omnibus Regulation, adopted on 12/12/2017
European Commission – Green Paper on unfair trading practices in the business-to-business food and non-food supply chain in Europe (2013);
Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No 922/72, (EEC) No 234/79, (EC) No 1037/2001 and (EC) No 1234/2007, in particular Article 168 et seq.;
British Institute of International and Comparative Law – Models of Enforcement in Europe for Relations in the Food Supply Chain – with links (at pp. 36-37 of document) to hard law regulation (Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Romania and the United Kingdom) and soft law regulation (Belgium, France and Slovenia) on enforcement mechanisms to improve trading relationships, in particular regarding unfair commercial practices and unequal bargaining power between retailers and suppliers in the food supply chain, as well as a non EU (Argentina) and plans for regulation (Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Norway);
Argentina
elaboración por cuenta de terceros”, “a maquila” o por “cuenta del viñatero”;
Ley 25.113 de 1999 sobre contrato de maquila o de depósito de maquila;
Provincia de Rio Negro: Régimen de transparencia para la vinculación entre la producción, empaque, indústria y comercialización de frutas en Río Negro – LEY E 3.611 – 11 de Agosto de 2011.
Australia
Food and Grocery Code of Conduct – a voluntary code prescribed under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010;
The guide to the horticulture code for growers and wholesale traders in the horticulture industry, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2011;
Competition and Consumer (Industry Codes – Horticulture) Regulations 2017.
Belgium
Loi relative à l’intégration verticale dans le secteur de la production animale, 1 avril 1976
Bolivia
Ley del complejo productivo de la caña de azúcar – n° 307 de 10 de noviembre de 2012
Brazil
Instrução Normativa MDA nº 1 de 19/02/2009 Instrução Normativa MDA nº 1 de 19/02/2009 – Dispõe sobre os critérios e procedimentos relativos à concessão, manutenção e uso do selo combustível social;
LEI Nº 13.288, DE 16 DE MAIO DE 2016 – sobre os contratos de integração vertical nas atividades agrossilvipastoris;
Portaria Nº 512, DE 5 DE SETEMBRO DE 2017 – Dispõe sobre os critérios e procedimentos relativos à concessão, manutenção e uso do selo combustível social.
Cambodia
Sub-Decree No 36 on Contract Farming – 24 February 2011 (informal source);
Policy Document on Promotion of Paddy Rice Production and Export of Milled Rice (2013);
Law on Agricultural Cooperatives (2013);
National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018 (2014);
Chile
Ley 20797 de 5 de dic de 2014 por la que se crea un registro voluntario de contratos agricolas, y su relativo decreto de aplicacion de 8 de septiembre de 2016
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ley de la creación de la Corporación Arrocera (Ley Nº 8285) (2002);
Egypt
Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy Towards 2030 (2009).
El Salvador
France
– Contrat d’intégration
L326-1 to 326-10 Code rural – Law n° 64-678 of 6 July 1964;
R326-1 to R326-10 Code rural – implementation rules for standard agreements;
Contract forms in application of implementation rules for standard agreements;
Decree of 15 March 1988 approving a standard integration contract for veal calf production (“contrat type pour l’élevage à façon de veaux de boucherie”);
Decree of 15 March 1988 approving a standard integration contract for broiler production (“contrat type d’intégration pour la production de volailles de chair à façon”);
– Legislation on marketing contracts
Arrêté du 15 février 2011 portant extension de l’accord interprofessionnel du 1er décembre 2010 définissant les clauses obligatoires devant figurer dans les contrats de vente applicables pour le secteur ovin;
Décret n° 2011-2007 du 28 décembre 2011 relatif au médiateur des contrats agricoles (NOR: AGRT1132967D) – JORF n° 0301 du 29 décembre 2011;
et Décret no 2015-548 du 18 mai 2015 relatif au médiateur des relations commerciales agricoles.
Code de commerce – sous titre IV “De la transparence, des pratiques restrictives de concurrence et d’autres pratiques prohibées.” : Chap. préliminaire (La commission d’examen des pratiques commerciales) et (notamment) Art. 441-6 à 10 – Art. 442-9 – Art. L 443-1
Hungary
Hungarian civil code (entered into force on 15 March 2014) Translation by Wolters Kluwer, Budapest, in 2013). Excerpts – to be noted in particular – Chapter XXXIV on “Types of sales contracts”, Sections 6:232 and 6:233 – Chapter XXXVII on “Works contracts”.
India
Central Legislation:
Agricultural Produce Marketing Act (APMC) (2003);
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare – Report of the Committee on Doubling Farmers’ Income, Volume IV (draft, 2017) and Volume XIII (draft, 2018);
The State /UT Agricultural Produce & Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion & Facilitation) Act, 2018 (draft, 2018).
State Legislation:
The Nagaland Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2005;
The Arunachal Pradesh Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1989 (as amended in 2006);
The Rajasthan Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1961 (as last amended in 2008);
The Punjab Contract Farming Act, 2013;
The Gujarat Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1963 (as last amended in 2015);
The Andhra Pradesh (Agricultural, Produce and Livestock) Markets Act, 1966 (as amended in 2015);
The Telangana (Agricultural Produce & Livestock) Markets Act, 1966 (as amended in 2016);
The Telangana (Agricultural Produce & Livestock) Markets Rules, 1969 (as amended in 2017).
Indonesia
Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 98/PERMENTAN/OT.140/9/2013 of 2013 concerning the Guidelines of Plantation Business Licensing (“Permentan No. 98/2013”).
Ireland
Grocery Goods Regulations – 30 April 2016
Consumer Protection Act 2007 (Grocery Goods Undertakings) Regulations 2016 – 30 April 2016.
Italy
Legge 18 giugno 1998, n. 192 – Disciplina della subfornitura nelle attività produttive
Decreto Legislativo 102/2005 for the Regulation of agrifood markets (“Regolazione dei mercati agroalimentari”) (in Italian); (disciplina dei contratti interprofessionali e dei contratti di coltivazione, allevamento e fornitura)
Decreto Legge 24 gennaio 2012 n. 1 – convertito con Legge 24 marzo 2012, n. 27 – Art. 62 “Disciplina delle relazioni commerciali in materia di cessione di prodotti agricoli e agroalimentari” (in Italian); e Decreto 19 ottobre 2012, n. 199 (regolamento di attuazione).
Kenya
Malawi
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, National Agriculture Policy (2016).
Mexico
Ley de desarrollo rural sustentable – publicado en DOF el 7 de diciembre de 2001 – texto vigente con la ultima reforma publicada en DOF el 22 de diciembre de 2017;
Ley de desarrollo sustentable de la Caña de Azúcar – Texto vigente, nueva ley publicada en DOF el 22 de agosto de 2005
Morocco
Plan Maroc Vert (2008);
Loi n° 04-12 relative à l’agrégation agricole of 17 July 2012;
Nepal
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Commerce and Supplies – Trade Policy, 2009;
New Zealand
Commerce Act 1986 amended by : Commerce (Supermarket Adjudicator and Code of Conduct) Amendment Bill 2015
Panama
Agrarian Code adopted by Law 55 of 23 May 2011 (“Código agrario de la República de Panama”) (in particular, articles 41-49 and 134-138).
Philippines
Russian Federation
Civil Code (Гражданского кодекса), Articles 535-538 (in Russian).
Rwanda
Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources – National Agriculture Policy (June 2017).
Spain
Cataluna Law 2/2005 on integration contracts (“contrato de integración”)
and Implementation act regarding a standard form of agreement (Resolución ARP/2974/2005) (ARP/2974/2005, de 13 de octubre, por la que se aprueba el modelo homologado de contrato de integración)
Ley 2/2000, de 7 de enero, reguladora de los contratos tipo de productos agroalimentarios (modificada por la ley de 3 de agosto de 2013 BOCG 10A37-1)
Resolución de 10 de diciembre de 2015, de la Dirección General de la Industria Alimentaria, por la que se publica el Código de Buenas Prácticas Mercantiles en la Contratación Alimentaria
Tanzania
Pyrethrum Act (No. 1 of 1997), Article 24;
Sisal Industry Act, 1997 (No. 2 of 1997), Article 19A;
Tea Act, 1997 (No. 3 of 1997), Article 25A;
Cotton Industry Act (Act No. 2 of 2001), Article 14A;
Coffee Industry Act (Act No. 23 of 2001), Article 34A;
Tobacco Industry Act (Act. No. 24 of 2001), Article 7A;
Sugar Industry Act (Act No. 26 of 2001), Article 37;
The crops laws (miscellaneous amendments) Act, 2009 (An Act to amend various crops laws with a view to rationalizing roles and functions of Crop Boards, their financing and to provide for other related matters);
Agricultural Sector Development Programme Phase Two (ASDP II), Government Programme Document (2016).
Thailand
Contract Farming Promotion and Development Act (2017) (tentative English translation).
Unfair Contract Terms Act, B.E.2540 (1997)
Turkey
Agriculture Code No 5488 of 2006 (in particular Art. 13);
Regulation regarding procedures and principles of contract farming 26 April 2008, official gazette no. 26858 (in Turkish);
Guiding Regulation relating to the import of cattle (2015);
Regulation on procedures and principles of contract farming in poultry 27 October 2017, official gazette no. 30223 (in Turkish).
United Kingdom
Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977
The Groceries (Supply Chain Practices) Market Investigation Order 2009 (entered into force February 2010) including the Groceries Supply Code of Practice (“GSCOP”)
Groceries Code Adjudicator Act 2013
United States of America
US National Agricultural Law Center Internet Resource Center – The US National Agricultural Law Center in cooperation with the Drake Agricultural Law Center at Drake University School of Law in Des Moines, Iowa has developed an Internet resource center providing access to US statutes and regulations, case law, bibliography and research material and other references.
– Selected agricultural production contract legislation:
Federal legislation:
State legislation:
Uruguay
Ley N° 17.777 de 2004 – Constitución de asociaciones y sociedades agrarias, contratos agrarios colectivos y de integración
Vietnam
Prime Minister Decision 62/2013/QD-TTG on the policy encouraging development of the co-operation and the linkage between the production and the consumption of agricultural products and the construction of large field (25 October 2013) – replacing Decision No. 80/2002/QD-TTG Circular 15/2014/TT-BNNPTNT of 29 April 2014 offering an interpretation and guidance on a number of articles of Decision 62.
Zimbabwe
Comprehensive Agricultural Policy Framework (2012-2032), 2012;
Agricultural Marketing Authority (Grain, Oilseed and Oilseed Products) Regulations, 2013.